Below is a ranking of Indian states and Union Territories (UTs) by literacy rate, based on the most recent and reliable data available as of March 19, 2025. The primary sources for this ranking are the National Statistical Office (NSO) survey from 2017-18 for states (updated in later reports) and the 2011 Census for UTs and some states where newer data is unavailable. Note that literacy rates are for the population aged 7 years and above, defined as the percentage of people who can read and write with understanding in any language.
### States and Union Territories of India by Literacy Rate
1. **Kerala** - 96.2%
- Consistently tops the list due to robust educational policies and infrastructure.
2. **Lakshadweep (UT)** - 91.85% (2011 Census)
- Highest among UTs, though data is older; benefits from small, focused population.
3. **Mizoram** - 91.58%
- Strong emphasis on education in this northeastern state.
4. **Goa** - 88.7%
- High literacy driven by socio-economic progress and tourism-related development.
5. **Delhi (UT)** - 88.7%
- Urban advantages and access to quality education boost its ranking.
6. **Tripura** - 87.75%
- Significant improvement through government initiatives in the northeast.
7. **Uttarakhand** - 87.6%
- Steady progress in education in the Himalayan region.
8. **Himachal Pradesh** - 86.6%
- High literacy attributed to rural education programs.
9. **Maharashtra** - 84.8%
- Economic hub with strong educational infrastructure.
10. **Sikkim** - 82.2%
- Small population and focused education policies yield results.
11. **Tamil Nadu** - 82.9%
- Long-standing investment in education and social development.
12. **Punjab** - 83.7%
- Agricultural prosperity supports educational growth.
13. **Gujarat** - 82.4%
- Industrial growth paired with educational advancements.
14. **West Bengal** - 80.5%
- Steady progress, though rural-urban gaps persist.
15. **Haryana** - 80.4%
- Improving literacy despite gender disparities.
16. **Karnataka** - 77.2%
- Tech hub with growing educational access.
17. **Meghalaya** - 75.48%
- Northeastern state with gradual improvements.
18. **Odisha** - 75.4%
- Progress hampered by rural poverty but improving.
19. **Assam** - 85.9% (Note: Some variation in data; 2011 Census shows 72.19%)
- Likely reflects recent gains, though older data suggests a lower rank.
20. **Chandigarh (UT)** - 86.05% (2011 Census)
- High urban literacy, though older data used.
21. **Puducherry (UT)** - 86.55% (2011 Census)
- Strong educational base in this small UT.
22. **Nagaland** - 79.55%
- Northeastern state with cultural emphasis on education.
23. **Manipur** - 79.85%
- Improving despite regional challenges.
24. **Uttar Pradesh** - 73%
- Most populous state with significant rural literacy challenges.
25. **Jammu & Kashmir (UT)** - 77.3% (2019 data post-reorganization)
- Improving but affected by historical instability.
26. **Andaman & Nicobar Islands (UT)** - 86.63% (2011 Census)
- High literacy in this island UT, though data is dated.
27. **Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu (UT)** - 87.07% (2011 Census, pre-merger)
- Reflects combined literacy post-2019 merger; likely still high.
28. **Chhattisgarh** - 77.3%
- Gradual improvement in tribal and rural areas.
29. **Madhya Pradesh** - 70.6%
- Large state with persistent rural literacy gaps.
30. **Telangana** - 72.8%
- Post-bifurcation growth in education.
31. **Jharkhand** - 74.3%
- Tribal regions lag despite urban gains.
32. **Rajasthan** - 69.7%
- Low female literacy pulls down the average.
33. **Arunachal Pradesh** - 66.95%
- Remote northeastern state with access challenges.
34. **Bihar** - 61.8%
- Lowest among states due to poverty and infrastructure issues.
35. **Andhra Pradesh** - 66.2%
- Surprisingly low despite southern location; rural gaps evident.
### Notes:
- **Data Sources**: NSO 2017-18 survey for most states, supplemented by 2011 Census for UTs and where newer data is unavailable. Some states (e.g., Assam) show discrepancies between sources, so rankings reflect the most cited figures.
- **Union Territories**: Post-2019 reorganization, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh are separate UTs, but Ladakh-specific literacy data is scarce (assumed lower than J&K’s 77.3% due to remoteness). Dadra & Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu were merged in 2019; their ranking uses pre-merger data.
- **Trends**: Southern and northeastern states generally rank higher, while northern and central states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan lag due to socio-economic factors.
This ranking reflects the latest consolidated data up to March 19, 2025.
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